[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"sanity-JzNEB1RKAwZk2JK0jKPpyI3G2QfbXKUsuQYOn1N6mU0":3,"sanity-uiRAW0Xt59ZdGQPF5YODPuG46kPAgCf0Q3H8euIVnEk":418},{"data":4,"sourceMap":-1},{"latestPodcast":5,"latestReleases":14,"post":39,"recent":393},[6],{"_id":7,"publishedAt":8,"slug":9,"sponsored":12,"title":13},"50f4509c-4f55-4f11-8adc-5556e821ea77","2026-06-30T07:40:00.000Z",{"_type":10,"current":11},"slug","why-intent-prediction-needs-more-than-an-llm",null,"Why intent prediction needs more than an LLM",[15,21,27,33],{"_id":16,"publishedAt":17,"slug":18,"title":20},"eb5b66eb-9410-4329-83bb-22bbff39402a","2026-04-28T13:00:00.000Z",{"_type":10,"current":19},"turn-scattered-knowledge-into-trusted-intelligence","Turning scattered knowledge into trusted intelligence: Stack Internal 2026.3",{"_id":22,"publishedAt":23,"slug":24,"title":26},"369c2401-b62e-4a37-8ff8-bf603023ecad","2026-03-02T15:03:00.988Z",{"_type":10,"current":25},"what-s-new-at-stack-overflow-march-2026","What’s new at Stack Overflow: March 2026",{"_id":28,"publishedAt":29,"slug":30,"title":32},"5e9053a4-07ea-447c-91ea-29e0b6228537","2026-02-02T15:00:00.000Z",{"_type":10,"current":31},"what-s-new-at-stack-overflow-february-2026","What’s new at Stack Overflow: February 2026",{"_id":34,"publishedAt":35,"slug":36,"title":38},"a1b538eb-a8a6-46d0-80a1-ac70ec9bb935","2026-01-05T10:00:00.000-05:00",{"_type":10,"current":37},"what-s-new-at-stack-overflow-january-2026","What’s new at Stack Overflow: January 2026",{"_createdAt":40,"_id":41,"_rev":42,"_type":43,"_updatedAt":44,"author":45,"body":59,"comments":365,"dateUrl":366,"excerpt":284,"legacyBody":367,"product":12,"publishedAt":370,"slug":371,"sponsored":12,"tags":373,"title":392,"visible":365},"2023-05-25T09:37:00Z","wp-post-4036","9HpbCsT2tq0xwozQfkfcDT","blogPost","2023-07-13T14:54:40Z",[46],{"_createdAt":47,"_id":48,"_rev":49,"_type":50,"_updatedAt":51,"avatar":52,"employee":54,"name":55,"role":56,"slug":57},"2023-05-23T16:27:18Z","wp-author-114","07ZbrKPSUrjrV4wQ6fam8u","blogAuthor","2023-08-29T11:49:01Z",{"_type":53},"image","former","Jeff Atwood","Co-founder",{"current":58},"jeffatwood",[60,92,105,116,127,152,168,177,185,193,220,262,278,286,292,300,309,317,325,341],{"_key":61,"_type":62,"children":63,"markDefs":87,"style":91},"ba93b4343ada","block",[64,69,74,78,83],{"_key":65,"_type":66,"marks":67,"text":68},"ba93b4343ada0","span",[],"As Stack Overflow grows -- or any other Q&A; site in the ",{"_key":70,"_type":66,"marks":71,"text":73},"ba93b4343ada1",[72],"d7e27d046761","Stack Exchange network",{"_key":75,"_type":66,"marks":76,"text":77},"ba93b4343ada2",[],", really -- there's a natural pressure to discover and link duplicate questions. The more questions you have, the higher the possibility a given new question ",{"_key":79,"_type":66,"marks":80,"text":82},"ba93b4343ada3",[81],"em","isn't",{"_key":84,"_type":66,"marks":85,"text":86},"ba93b4343ada4",[]," in fact a new question, but a duplicate of an older existing question. Because of this, we've continually enhanced the tools for finding, linking, and merging duplicate questions:",[88],{"_key":72,"_type":89,"href":90,"reference":12},"link","http:\u002F\u002Fstackexchange.com\u002Fsites","normal",{"_key":93,"_type":62,"children":94,"level":100,"listItem":101,"markDefs":102,"style":91},"6d78cb1171b2",[95],{"_key":96,"_type":66,"marks":97,"text":99},"6d78cb1171b20",[98],"6c6a91b400a1","Handling Duplicate Questions",1,"bullet",[103],{"_key":98,"_type":89,"href":104,"reference":12},"http:\u002F\u002Fblog.stackoverflow.com\u002F2009\u002F04\u002Fhandling-duplicate-questions\u002F",{"_key":106,"_type":62,"children":107,"level":100,"listItem":101,"markDefs":113,"style":91},"23e4f11a064f",[108],{"_key":109,"_type":66,"marks":110,"text":112},"23e4f11a064f0",[111],"22a5c2060928","Linking Duplicate Questions",[114],{"_key":111,"_type":89,"href":115,"reference":12},"http:\u002F\u002Fblog.stackoverflow.com\u002F2009\u002F05\u002Flinking-duplicate-questions\u002F",{"_key":117,"_type":62,"children":118,"level":100,"listItem":101,"markDefs":124,"style":91},"6a7a35669243",[119],{"_key":120,"_type":66,"marks":121,"text":123},"6a7a356692430",[122],"3ef38e7a9765","Improved Question Merging",[125],{"_key":122,"_type":89,"href":126,"reference":12},"http:\u002F\u002Fblog.stackoverflow.com\u002F2010\u002F06\u002Fimproved-question-merging\u002F",{"_key":128,"_type":62,"children":129,"markDefs":151,"style":91},"9d32907c7b9f",[130,134,139,143,147],{"_key":131,"_type":66,"marks":132,"text":133},"9d32907c7b9f0",[],"One thing I want to be clear about, though, is that ",{"_key":135,"_type":66,"marks":136,"text":138},"9d32907c7b9f1",[137],"strong","duplication is not necessarily bad",{"_key":140,"_type":66,"marks":141,"text":142},"9d32907c7b9f2",[],". Quite the contrary -- some duplication is ",{"_key":144,"_type":66,"marks":145,"text":146},"9d32907c7b9f3",[81],"desirable",{"_key":148,"_type":66,"marks":149,"text":150},"9d32907c7b9f4",[],". There’s often benefit to having multiple subtle variants of a question around, as people tend to ask and search using completely different words, and the better our coverage, the better odds people can find the answer they’re looking for. And isn't that, really, the whole point of this exercise?",[],{"_key":153,"_type":62,"children":154,"markDefs":167,"style":91},"f19f03e5c641",[155,159,163],{"_key":156,"_type":66,"marks":157,"text":158},"f19f03e5c6410",[],"Furthermore, ",{"_key":160,"_type":66,"marks":161,"text":162},"f19f03e5c6411",[137],"it's OK for duplicate questions to have duplicate answers",{"_key":164,"_type":66,"marks":165,"text":166},"f19f03e5c6412",[],". While you could argue that the duplicate questions could all be merged into one question with a \"master\" set of answers, this is kind of irritating from the perspective of the user looking for an answer. Put yourself in their shoes. Instead of finding ...",[],{"_key":169,"_type":62,"children":170,"markDefs":175,"style":176},"6f200ced3c42",[171],{"_key":172,"_type":66,"marks":173,"text":174},"6f200ced3c420",[],"Duplicate Question Duplicate Answer",[],"blockquote",{"_key":178,"_type":62,"children":179,"markDefs":184,"style":91},"15e05aa1b279",[180],{"_key":181,"_type":66,"marks":182,"text":183},"15e05aa1b2790",[],"They have to deal with finding:",[],{"_key":186,"_type":62,"children":187,"markDefs":192,"style":176},"f4f2faec4ff5",[188],{"_key":189,"_type":66,"marks":190,"text":191},"f4f2faec4ff50",[],"Duplicate Question [closed as duplicate of Question] click here to see answers",[],{"_key":194,"_type":62,"children":195,"markDefs":217,"style":91},"290fdf9ce293",[196,200,205,209,213],{"_key":197,"_type":66,"marks":198,"text":199},"290fdf9ce2930",[],"Now, what other site requires users to do some sort of weird scroll-down, click-here-first to see the answer nonsense on the search results before they will reveal the answer? Oh yes, ",{"_key":201,"_type":66,"marks":202,"text":204},"290fdf9ce2931",[203],"01eabf46e3b8","our old hyphenated pals",{"_key":206,"_type":66,"marks":207,"text":208},"290fdf9ce2932",[],". Do we ",{"_key":210,"_type":66,"marks":211,"text":212},"290fdf9ce2933",[81],"really",{"_key":214,"_type":66,"marks":215,"text":216},"290fdf9ce2934",[]," want our site to work like theirs?",[218],{"_key":203,"_type":89,"href":219,"reference":12},"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.codinghorror.com\u002Fblog\u002F2009\u002F03\u002Fwhos-your-arch-enemy.html",{"_key":221,"_type":62,"children":222,"markDefs":259,"style":91},"db1f1c88f1fb",[223,227,232,236,240,244,248,252,255],{"_key":224,"_type":66,"marks":225,"text":226},"db1f1c88f1fb0",[],"Furthermore, I've found that the perfect duplicate question is a ... ",{"_key":228,"_type":66,"marks":229,"text":231},"db1f1c88f1fb1",[230],"2e87fbb12f97","bit of a mythical beast",{"_key":233,"_type":66,"marks":234,"text":235},"db1f1c88f1fb2",[],". There are similar questions, yes, and so-called \"exact\" duplicates do happen, but they are kind of rare in my experience. It's far more common to have ",{"_key":237,"_type":66,"marks":238,"text":239},"db1f1c88f1fb3",[137],"many subtle variations of a question",{"_key":241,"_type":66,"marks":242,"text":243},"db1f1c88f1fb4",[],". I think that's OK, because that's how the world works. Trying to shoehorn a bunch of semi-related things into one arbitrary container in service of some Highlander-ish \"there can be only one\" rule is ultimately harmful. Remember: while there are aspects of wiki to our system, we are ",{"_key":245,"_type":66,"marks":246,"text":247},"db1f1c88f1fb5",[81],"not",{"_key":249,"_type":66,"marks":250,"text":251},"db1f1c88f1fb6",[]," Wikipedia. There is ",{"_key":253,"_type":66,"marks":254,"text":247},"db1f1c88f1fb7",[81],{"_key":256,"_type":66,"marks":257,"text":258},"db1f1c88f1fb8",[]," one canonical question about every possible subject. Rather, there are many.",[260],{"_key":230,"_type":89,"href":261,"reference":12},"http:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUnicorn",{"_key":263,"_type":62,"children":264,"markDefs":277,"style":91},"b05047a93007",[265,269,273],{"_key":266,"_type":66,"marks":267,"text":268},"b05047a930070",[],"In other words, over time, ",{"_key":270,"_type":66,"marks":271,"text":272},"b05047a930071",[137],"I have learned to stop worrying and love (some) duplication",{"_key":274,"_type":66,"marks":275,"text":276},"b05047a930072",[],". And you should too.",[],{"_key":279,"_type":62,"children":280,"markDefs":285,"style":91},"a0a0f0e7cc28",[281],{"_key":282,"_type":66,"marks":283,"text":284},"a0a0f0e7cc280",[],"",[],{"_key":287,"_type":53,"alt":288,"asset":289,"markDefs":12},"fb011091e21e","Goldie, how many times have I told you guys that I don't want no horsing around on the airplane?",{"_ref":290,"_type":291},"image-f7b2a73aca5e48b762dabd27a5395e7b60c1246f-400x320-jpg","reference",{"_key":293,"_type":62,"children":294,"markDefs":299,"style":91},"4e280d0cfe71",[295],{"_key":296,"_type":66,"marks":297,"text":298},"4e280d0cfe710",[],"Here are my official guidelines on question duplication:",[],{"_key":301,"_type":62,"children":302,"level":100,"listItem":307,"markDefs":308,"style":91},"79ff430d4158",[303],{"_key":304,"_type":66,"marks":305,"text":306},"79ff430d41580",[],"Having one \"perfect\" form of a question that contains every possible answer to every slight variation of that question is a myth at best and actively harmful at worst.","number",[],{"_key":310,"_type":62,"children":311,"level":100,"listItem":307,"markDefs":316,"style":91},"48c868b25414",[312],{"_key":313,"_type":66,"marks":314,"text":315},"48c868b254140",[],"Having dozens and dozens of variations of the same question is clearly bad.",[],{"_key":318,"_type":62,"children":319,"level":100,"listItem":307,"markDefs":324,"style":91},"236d081c4a7b",[320],{"_key":321,"_type":66,"marks":322,"text":323},"236d081c4a7b0",[],"What we want is on the order of 4 or 5 similar-but-not-quite-the-same duplicates to cover all possible search terms and common permutations of the question. It is also OK for these duplicates to have their own answers so people who find them don't have to click yet again to get to a good answer.",[],{"_key":326,"_type":62,"children":327,"markDefs":340,"style":91},"647b6ffb542f",[328,332,336],{"_key":329,"_type":66,"marks":330,"text":331},"647b6ffb542f0",[],"Let me be clear -- too much question duplication is bad. Absolutely. You'll get no argument whatsoever from me on that. But not enough question duplication is ",{"_key":333,"_type":66,"marks":334,"text":335},"647b6ffb542f1",[81],"also bad",{"_key":337,"_type":66,"marks":338,"text":339},"647b6ffb542f2",[],". I know this does not sit well with programmers who love to think in binary black and white and cannot abide a single atom of duplicated content in the entire omniverse. But the honest, realistic answer to how much question duplication there should be is ... \"enough\". Question duplicates aren't necessarily our enemy. They're more like our, y'know, frenemies.",[],{"_key":342,"_type":62,"children":343,"markDefs":364,"style":91},"0fb8ebfbd5d7",[344,348,352,356,360],{"_key":345,"_type":66,"marks":346,"text":347},"0fb8ebfbd5d70",[],"So, as always, use your good judgment and please continue to close and merge duplicates as you see fit. However, bear in mind that cultivating and supporting a moderate amount of natural duplication actively ",{"_key":349,"_type":66,"marks":350,"text":351},"0fb8ebfbd5d71",[81],"helps",{"_key":353,"_type":66,"marks":354,"text":355},"0fb8ebfbd5d72",[]," the community. I wasn't kidding when I said ",{"_key":357,"_type":66,"marks":358,"text":359},"0fb8ebfbd5d73",[137],"learn to stop worrying and love (some) duplication",{"_key":361,"_type":66,"marks":362,"text":363},"0fb8ebfbd5d74",[],". Use the above guidelines and try to find a happy, reasonable medium somewhere in the middle there.",[],true,"2010\u002F11\u002F16",{"code":368,"language":369},"\u003Cp>As Stack Overflow grows -- or any other Q&A; site in the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fstackexchange.com\u002Fsites\">Stack Exchange network\u003C\u002Fa>, really -- there's a natural pressure to discover and link duplicate questions. The more questions you have, the higher the possibility a given new question \u003Cem>isn't\u003C\u002Fem> in fact a new question, but a duplicate of an older existing question. Because of this, we've continually enhanced the tools for finding, linking, and merging duplicate questions:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fblog.stackoverflow.com\u002F2009\u002F04\u002Fhandling-duplicate-questions\u002F\">Handling Duplicate Questions\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fblog.stackoverflow.com\u002F2009\u002F05\u002Flinking-duplicate-questions\u002F\">Linking Duplicate Questions\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fblog.stackoverflow.com\u002F2010\u002F06\u002Fimproved-question-merging\u002F\">Improved Question Merging\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>One thing I want to be clear about, though, is that \u003Cstrong>duplication is not necessarily bad\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Quite the contrary -- some duplication is \u003Cem>desirable\u003C\u002Fem>. There’s often benefit to having multiple subtle variants of a question around, as people tend to ask and search using completely different words, and the better our coverage, the better odds people can find the answer they’re looking for. And isn't that, really, the whole point of this exercise?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Furthermore, \u003Cstrong>it's OK for duplicate questions to have duplicate answers\u003C\u002Fstrong>. While you could argue that the duplicate questions could all be merged into one question with a \"master\" set of answers, this is kind of irritating from the perspective of the user looking for an answer. Put yourself in their shoes. Instead of finding ...\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\nDuplicate Question\nDuplicate Answer\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>They have to deal with finding:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cblockquote>\nDuplicate Question\n[closed as duplicate of Question] click here to see answers\n\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\u003Cp>Now, what other site requires users to do some sort of weird scroll-down, click-here-first to see the answer nonsense on the search results before they will reveal the answer? Oh yes, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.codinghorror.com\u002Fblog\u002F2009\u002F03\u002Fwhos-your-arch-enemy.html\">our old hyphenated pals\u003C\u002Fa>.  Do we \u003Cem>really\u003C\u002Fem> want our site to work like theirs?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Furthermore, I've found that the perfect duplicate question is a ... \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FUnicorn\">bit of a mythical beast\u003C\u002Fa>. There are similar questions, yes, and so-called \"exact\" duplicates do happen, but they are kind of rare in my experience. It's far more common to have \u003Cstrong>many subtle variations of a question\u003C\u002Fstrong>. I think that's OK, because that's how the world works. Trying to shoehorn a bunch of semi-related things into one arbitrary container in service of some Highlander-ish \"there can be only one\" rule is ultimately harmful. Remember: while there are aspects of wiki to our system, we are \u003Cem>not\u003C\u002Fem> Wikipedia. There is \u003Cem>not\u003C\u002Fem> one canonical question about every possible subject. Rather, there are many.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>In other words, over time, \u003Cstrong>I have learned to stop worrying and love (some) duplication\u003C\u002Fstrong>. And you should too.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.imdb.com\u002Ftitle\u002Ftt0057012\u002F\">\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fstackoverflow.blog\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F02\u002FRtNFY.jpg\" alt=\"Goldie, how many times have I told you guys that I don't want no horsing around on the airplane?\">\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Here are my official guidelines on question duplication:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Col>\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>Having one \"perfect\" form of a question that contains every possible answer to every slight variation of that question is a myth at best and actively harmful at worst.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\n\u003Cp>Having dozens and dozens of variations of the same question is clearly bad.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>What we want is on the order of 4 or 5 similar-but-not-quite-the-same duplicates to cover all possible search terms and common permutations of the question. It is also OK for these duplicates to have their own answers so people who find them don't have to click yet again to get to a good answer.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>Let me be clear -- too much question duplication is bad. Absolutely. You'll get no argument whatsoever from me on that. But not enough question duplication is \u003Cem>also bad\u003C\u002Fem>. I know this does not sit well with programmers who love to think in binary black and white and cannot abide a single atom of duplicated content in the entire omniverse. But the honest, realistic answer to how much question duplication there should be is ... \"enough\". Question duplicates aren't necessarily our enemy. They're more like our, y'know, frenemies.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>So, as always, use your good judgment and please continue to close and merge duplicates as you see fit. However, bear in mind that cultivating and supporting a moderate amount of natural duplication actively \u003Cem>helps\u003C\u002Fem> the community. I wasn't kidding when I said \u003Cstrong>learn to stop worrying and love (some) duplication\u003C\u002Fstrong>. Use the above guidelines and try to find a happy, reasonable medium somewhere in the middle there.\u003C\u002Fp>","html","2010-11-16T12:00:00.000Z",{"current":372},"dr-strangedupe-or-how-i-learned-to-stop-worrying-and-love-duplication",[374,382,387],{"_createdAt":375,"_id":376,"_rev":377,"_type":378,"_updatedAt":375,"slug":379,"title":381},"2023-05-23T16:43:21Z","wp-tagcat-community","9HpbCsT2tq0xwozQfkc4ih","blogTag",{"current":380},"community","Community",{"_createdAt":375,"_id":383,"_rev":377,"_type":378,"_updatedAt":375,"slug":384,"title":386},"wp-tagcat-company",{"current":385},"company","Company",{"_createdAt":375,"_id":388,"_rev":377,"_type":378,"_updatedAt":375,"slug":389,"title":391},"wp-tagcat-design",{"current":390},"design","Design","Dr. Strangedupe: Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying And Love Duplication",[394,400,406,412],{"_id":395,"publishedAt":396,"slug":397,"sponsored":12,"title":399},"28e560af-f0aa-4d46-bd90-f435ad604aa7","2026-06-26T14:00:27.102Z",{"_type":10,"current":398},"paging-charity-how-can-engineering-leaders-avoid-becoming-bond-villains","Paging Charity! How can engineering leaders avoid becoming Bond villains?",{"_id":401,"publishedAt":402,"slug":403,"sponsored":12,"title":405},"4b22c2a3-3779-4966-93eb-5230391dbdce","2026-06-23T14:08:58.595Z",{"_type":10,"current":404},"your-ai-shipped-a-backend-that-boots-that-is-the-whole-problem","Your AI shipped a backend that boots. That is the whole problem.",{"_id":407,"publishedAt":408,"slug":409,"sponsored":12,"title":411},"5cf362e1-fe7b-45af-b69c-914731c6a052","2026-06-23T14:00:00.000Z",{"_type":10,"current":410},"the-2026-developer-survey-is-now-open-for-human-developers-only","The 2026 Developer Survey is now open (for human developers only)!",{"_id":413,"publishedAt":414,"slug":415,"sponsored":12,"title":417},"30b995f7-7cb9-4dd8-bf71-d0685940a32b","2026-06-19T14:00:00.000Z",{"_type":10,"current":416},"dispatches-from-o-reilly-from-capabilities-to-responsibilities","Dispatches from O'Reilly: From capabilities to responsibilities",{"data":419,"sourceMap":-1},{"count":420,"lastTimestamp":421},7,"2023-05-25T09:45:54Z"]